Hydrogen and fuel cell automobiles

Hydrogen and fuel cell automobiles

The primary hydrogen gas cell vehicles should not anticipated to reach until the earliest of 2014, that’s when Mercedes-Benz says it will likely be able to introduce its B-Class F-Cell to the market. Different automobile makers similar to Toyota and Hyundai-Kia are targeting to begin production of hydrogen models from 2015 onwards.

Honda was the primary to supply begin limited manufacturing of a highway-authorized hydrogen mannequin, within the type of the FCX Readability, which it began leasing to a small number of customers in the US and Japan from 2008. The firm continues to explore the potential of producing extra hydrogen models, however has but to make any firm commitment. Of course we regularly speak of gasoline cell vehicles working on hydrogen but that’s not all they'll run on. Fuel cells merely covert chemical power from a fuel into electrical energy by means of the process of oxidisation, that gasoline may very well be methane, ethanol or even strange petrol, as recommended by the College of Maryland (see story). Recently, Daihatsu revealed that it is engaged on a barely totally different take on the hydrogen gas cell automobile, by exploring using hydrazine hydrate; a liquid type of hydrogen fuel which would be simpler to move and store than compressed hydrogen (see story).

As there are no models obtainable but, there isn’t any infrastructure in the UK to support using these vehicles. Nevertheless it appears the automobile makers are confident that that this wil come in the event that they stride ahead with their plans. A Toyota govt just lately proclaimed that the brand will probably be producing tens of hundreds of fuel cell vehicles per yr by 2020 (see story). So it looks like hydrogen gas cell automobiles are positively one to look at over the following few years.

Et al
In fact this information is under no circumstances complete, but hopefully we’ve given offered an outline of the most important movers and shakers within the various fuel discipline this 12 months and within the subsequent couple of years to follow. With plug-in hybrids and vary-prolonged models now joining the hybrid and electric fashions already in the marketplace, and hydrogen automobiles set to comply with, 2012 is definitely going to be an essential 12 months for this burgeoning field.

Source : http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2012/04/24/the-2012-guide-to-alternative-fuel-vehicles-the-green-piece/

Compressed Natural Fuel

Compressed Natural Fuel (CNG) and LPG

Vehicles able to run on compressed natural gasoline (CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Fuel (LPG-or Autogas as additionally it is know) will not be broadly available on the UK market. Many carmakers give attention to producing CNG and LPG for different markets corresponding to components of Asia, where they're already proving popular.

In the US, Honda has the Civic GX CNG mannequin as the US market seems extra focused on exploring other liquid alternatives to gasoline than dashing in the direction of electric fashions or diesels. Stateside there may be additionally higher use of CNG vans too, equivalent to Ford Transit Join CNG and the Chevrolet Specific CNG, which have been becoming a member of fleets across the country.

Back in Europe, manufacturers corresponding to Opel do provide LPG automobiles on request, with many of its models out there with a pre-registration conversion to LPG (see extra on that here).
Aside from that, its largely a retrofit market that may convert your car to run on CNG or LPG.
Though often neglected CNG and LPG fuels supply cleaner operation than petrol, but it’s a market that’s remaining area of interest here within the UK.

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Source : http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2012/04/24/the-2012-guide-to-alternative-fuel-vehicles-the-green-piece/

Range-extended and plug-in hybrids

Range-extended and plug-in hybrids
One other market in its infancy, 2012 is actually the going to be the yr that range-extended electric car (REEV) fashions and plug-in hybrids (PHEV) start to arrive. Although costly, we’d expect them to be a must have green accessory especially for companies, desirous to boast their inexperienced credentials.

This 12 months sees the arrival of range-prolonged fashions, the Chevrolet Volt and Vauxhall Ampera whereas new plug-in hybrids such because the Volvo V60 Plug-In Hybrid and Toyota Prius Plug-In also arrive. These REEV and PHEV models are additionally eligible for the Plug-In Automotive Grants due to their means to recharge from mains electrical energy and their emission levels below 75g/km CO2.
As a no-compromise sort of alternative gasoline automotive, with longer driving ranges than absolutely electrical models, you can make certain that non-public motorists can be eager to observe the place business automotive drivers lead.

Although a range-extended and a plug-in hybrid drivetrain are barely completely different in the way they operate, they're very comparable in many ways; they each mix a combustion engine (either petrol or diesel) with an electric motor and battery, in the same method a conventional hybrid does. Unlike early hybrid fashions however, PHEVs and REEVs can replenish their batteries from mains electrical energy to allow them to make higher use of clean, zero emission electric driving, boosting the car’s overall gas efficiency.

Fashionable Hybrid Models

Fashionable Hybrid Models
We’ve already broken hybrid expertise down correctly to present you more particulars (see our previous Green Piece column) so right here we'll keep it simple. Hybrids are mostly petrol-electric models, without the perform to recharge from mains electrical energy just like the vehicles below. In the final yr, we’ve begun to see the introduction of diesel electric fashions such because the Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 and the Citroen DS5.

Fashionable hybrid models include, of course, the world well-known Toyota Prius as well as models such because the Toyota Auris HSD, Honda CR-Z, Honda Jazz Hybrid, Toyota Yaris Hybrid, Lexus RX450h, Lexus CT200h, BMW Energetic Hybrid5, Infiniti M35h, Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid and the Porsche Cayenne hybrid to name a few.

Typically, hybrids provide better financial system than their regular combustion-only friends due to the upper effectivity of an electrical motor at low speeds and because it permits the car to capture braking energy.

Battery Electric Automobiles

Battery electric automobiles
Absolutely depending on electricity saved in their batteries, battery electrical vehicles (BEVs) or electric autos (EVs) as they're often called, represent a small margin of the general automobile market as of yet, however have shown large growth of 557 per cent in the final 12 months in keeping with the report from SMMT.

Fashions such because the Nissan LEAF, Renault Fluence, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Peugeot iON and Citroen C-Zero, all produced by nicely-recognized automobile makers, are naturally the best recognized models in the UK and all qualify for Authorities grants price up to £5,000 to patrons of those models.
There are electrical vans too, like the Ford Transit Connect Electrical and Renault Kangoo ZE which likewise qualify for Authorities grants for consumers worth up to £eight,000 (more particulars available on the DfT website).

Latest acceleration of the market for EVs has been driven by the launch of latest fashions, a lot of which arrived just last yr as the Authorities introduced the Plug-in Automotive Grants (PiCG). Though there have been components of the press ready and willing to dismiss electric automobiles, the market is in a sense, barely a 12 months previous, and the progress is spectacular contemplating it’s only just getting going.

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Source : http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2012/04/24/the-2012-guide-to-alternative-fuel-vehicles-the-green-piece/

Finding Alternatif Fuels For Cars

Quarter of firms seeking to alternative fuels

One in 4 enterprise leaders have already making use of -or are considering introducing -various gas vehicles to their business operations as oil costs stay stubbornly high.
According to a brand new report from Grant Thornton, 24 per cent of businesses globally want to alternative gas automobiles, reminiscent of electrical vehicles, hybrids, LPG and gasoline cell vehicles- to assist mitigate rising transport costs. The drive towards clean alternate options is being largely steered by mature markets, with 28 per cent of businesses within the G7 at the very least considering adopting such vehicles, compared to simply 15 per cent in the BRIC economies.

The enterprise advisory agency surveyed  12,000 companies per year across forty economies to compile its new International Enterprise Report (IBR). As a part of its analysis, the agency discovered that the value of oil costs was the main cause driving business house owners to consider various fuel automobiles;  mentioned by 69 per cent of survey respondents globally. A further fifty five per cent of companies cited tax aid and sixty two per cent cost administration as key motivators. Companies are additionally increasingly conscious of the environmental influence of their fleets with fifty eight per cent citing saving the planet as a driver towards the adoption of other-gas vehicles.

Daniel Taylor, associate & head of automotive at Grant Thornton UK mentioned: “With the United States and the EU pressing ahead with sanctions in opposition to Iran, the world’s fourth largest oil producer, it seems unlikely that costs at the pumps will ease considerably within the near future.
“Many dynamic companies are due to this fact trying to decide whether switching their fleets to various fuels might provide price savings, permitting them to liberate assets which may very well be higher employed in efforts to expand their operations. And naturally, switching to ‘greener’ fuels also boosts their environmental credentials.”

Amongst those respondents who have not considered alternative gasoline autos, cost (49%) emerges as the best constraint, intently adopted by the issue of charging/ refuelling (48%) and a scarcity of choice (38%).
The IBR also reveals that reliability (88%) and safety (eighty one%) remain the key issues for enterprise leaders when purchasing cars for his or her enterprise, with value (77%) and gas consumption (73%) not far behind. In the meantime, just forty seven per cent of businesses cited the type of gasoline as a key consideration.

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Source : http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2012/05/22/quarter-of-firms-looking-to-alternative-fuels/

Recycling battery to boost hybrid and electrical automotive business

Recycling battery to boost hybrid and electrical automotive business


The top-of-life for battery packs within the first technology of electric and hybrids represents a chance for industry, in accordance with US automotive web site Edmunds.com.
Because the very first battery packs reach the tip of their lives from the hybrid models first launched in the late nineties, there shall be an important opportunity to recapture and recycle metals and uncommon-earth compounds which are used within the batteries. This will not only provide a lift to automotive recycling corporations however in the long-term, will assist scale back the cost of new EVs and HEVs models.
It is going to also prove the longevity of battery packs, helping to reassure customers and increase residual worth forecasts for brand new models.

In keeping with Edmunds.com, there are now more than two million EVs, HEVs and PHEVs now on the road in the US as we speak, a quantity that can  solely grow. Automakers sold greater than 193,000 hybrids and EVs in the first five months of 2012, easily setting a file for the most important January-to-May sales quantity, despite the heavy value premiums for some of these vehicles.
Nonetheless it is going to be a while before the recycling trade actually begins to take off, as Edmunds.com Inexperienced Automotive Analyst John O’Dell explains: "There are signs that the batteries in the very earliest Toyota Prius and Honda Perception hybrids are starting to go, but these automobiles had been sold in relatively small numbers.

"Over the long term, recycling will play an important position in lowering the costs of hybrids and EVs," says O’Dell. "The reuse of the metals and rare-earth compounds that make these batteries work will help maintain prices down, and the marketplace for used batteries also will help prop up the resale worth of electrical-drive autos, which is a definite plus for consumers."

Whereas experts don’t count on a viable industrial recycling market for hybrid and EV batteries for at least another decade, giant recycling corporations like Umicore and Toxco are testing and creating efficient processes to recycle the batteries earlier than they hit their vegetation in heavy volumes. They’re additionally starting to increase their operations in the US to accommodate the inevitable jumps in volume - Umicore is constructing a new facility in North Carolina to interrupt down battery packs earlier than transport the parts to its headquarters plant in Belgium for recycling, whereas Toxco is growing capacity to develop lithium-ion battery recycling processes at its plant in Lancaster, Ohio, under a $9.5 million federal grant.
More data on how the automotive trade is preparing its mass recycling process for hybrid and electrical automobiles, is out there within the report: "What Happens to EV and Hybrid Batteries?" accessible at www.edmunds.com.

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Source :
http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2012/06/18/recycling-battery-to-boost-hybrid-and-electric-car-industry/

Audi Achieves First Victory of a Hybrid Vehicle at Le Mans

Audi Achieves First Victory of a Hybrid Vehicle at Le Mans

Around 200,000 spectators witnessed an enchanting race with the drama and incidents that are typical for Le Mans plus a powerful demonstration of “Vorsprung durch Technik.” The four Audi R18 vehicles from Audi Sport Staff Joest were the quickest and most dependable automobiles and after 24 hours occupied positions one, two, three and five.



“By achieving this further success on the world’s most vital endurance race our engineers demonstrated their high technological experience in a particularly impressive approach,” commented Rupert Stadler, Chairman of the Board of Management of AUDI AG, who personally watched the race on location. “With the etron quattro in combination with ultra lightweight design, we put a very new expertise on the grid and instantly received with it - this cannot be taken for granted by any means, significantly here at Le Mans. This weekend once more showed the type of issues that may happen in this race and the way necessary perfect preparation is.”



All 4 Audi R18 cars had the possibility to clinch what amounted to the brand’s eleventh Le Mans victory in total. After 378 laps, final yr’s winners Marcel Fässler (CH), André Lotterer (D) and Benoît Tréluyer (F) on the wheel of the Audi R18 e-tron quattro designated as automobile quantity “1” were once more the front runners. Dindo Capello (I), Tom Kristensen (DK) and Allan McNish (GB) because the runners-up induced the allwheel drive of the longer term in which the standard drive system is intelligently mixed with an electrically driven axle to file a one-two result. Audi is already testing this technology through which the drive shaft is replaced by electric cables to be used in manufacturing vehicles.



Le Mans rookie Marco Bonanomi (I), Oliver Jarvis (GB) and Mike Rockenfeller (D) in the best conventionally powered Audi R18 ultra accomplished the fourth one-two-three victory for Audi on the Le Mans 24 Hours after 2000, 2002 and 2010. Romain Dumas (F), Loïc Duval (F) and Marc Gené (E) at the wheel of the second R18 ultra completed in fifth place.



Operating at the rear of all four Audi R18 vehicles was the latest evolution of the compact V6 TDI engine with VTG mono turbocharger that was used at Le Mans for the primary time in 2011. The new extremely-gentle transmission with a carbon fiber housing a novelty in a Le Mans sports activities automotive - held as much as the Le Mans endurance check protecting a distance of 5.151 kilometers in all 4 vehicles with none issues as well. Like quatto all-wheel drive, extremely-lightweight design is a core competency of the company.



The two Audi R18 e-tron quattro automobiles embody these two applied sciences in a particularly extreme kind - they usually had been the protagonists at the eightieth edition of the endurance traditional right from the beginning. They only needed to relinquish the leading place to one of many two Toyota hybrid autos as soon as for just a few laps on Saturday night. After the early retirements of their fiercest rivals the 2 R18 e-tron quattro vehicles fought a thrilling duel for victory throughout the night till noon on Sunday during which the lead changed several instances and the two diesel hybrid sports activities cars have been usually separated by just a few seconds.



An accident by Allan McNish in the quick Porsche corners lower than three hours earlier than the end brought on the preliminary decision. Audi Sport Workforce Joest managed to repair the heavy injury on the entrance of the R18 e-tron quattro in file time and to thus save second place. Within the early section, car quantity “2” had misplaced nearly a lap after a massive piece of rubber choose-up had gotten stuck in the space of the rear suspension.



The profitable car with chassis quantity R18-208H nicknamed “Electra” was not spared from incidents either. Marcel Fässler touched the track barrier twice on Saturday morning: the primary time after spinning at excessive velocity and the second time when he needed to evade a GT automobile that was standing sideways within the Mulsanne corner. Benoît Tréluyer, who was affected by a severe chilly which he had caught on Friday while participating within the drivers’ parade in the rain in the middle of Le Mans, spun as soon as on the entrance to the pit lane.



The third-positioned Audi R18 ultra - automotive number “four” - misplaced a lap right in the beginning of the race because of a test of the rear suspension. On late Sunday morning a gear got caught twice which the driver was able to right each time by switching the ignition on and off. Afterward the R18 was running completely once more and allowed Marco Bonanomi and Oliver Jarvis to clinch the first podium place at Le Mans together with Mike Rockenfeller, who returned to the podium a year after his serious accident.



Two nearly similar slips brought on the Audi R18 ultra three through which Loïc Duval set the fastest lap of the race to lose its likelihood for victory. On Saturday evening, Romain Dumas within the first chicane whereas lapping a GT vehicle hit the soiled part of the observe and slid against the observe barrier. The identical mishap occurred to Marc Gené on Sunday noon. In both instances, Audi Sport Staff Joest managed to restore the R18 in an extremely quick interval of time. In total, though, twelve laps had been lost.



“This was a race of the type you may arguably expertise only at Le Mans,” said Head of Audi Motorsport Dr. Wolfgang Ullrich after his 4 Audi R18 automobiles had crossed the end line. “It's best to by no means rejoice too early at Le Mans, which was obvious again particularly on Sunday noon. The entire world was already talking about a one-two-three-4 victory and swiftly two of our cars had accidents almost simultaneously. That the squad repeatedly managed to repair the automobiles so quickly after the slips clearly speaks for Audi Sport Workforce Joest that can simply be banked on at Le Mans. On the whole, I can only take my hat off to the complete squad of Audi Sport that labored extremely onerous for a yr to make this triumph possible. It was a very huge challenge to develop a hybrid automobile in such a short while that is quick and able to hold up for 24 hours. The truth that, as in 2001 with the TFSI engine and in 2006 with the TDI, we managed to achieve success proper on the first run merely proves the level of technological experience that is obtainable at Audi. It is a great day for Audi Sport, for Audi and for the e-tron quattro.”



With its eleventh victory at Le Mans, Audi has prolonged its lead within the World Endurance Championship. Dindo Capello, Tom Kristensen and Allan McNish as the runners-up recaptured the lead within the drivers’ world championship.

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Source Audi Achieves First Victory of a Hybrid Vehicle :
http://www.fullboost.com.au/news.php?newsId=2581

Mitsubishi Pushing New Electric Vehicle

Mitsubishi has been pushing its new electric vehicle, the i, pretty hard of late.

Recently, the company announced that in the state of Hawaii, it has fostered a partnership with Eaton Corp. to develop a plan for rapid expansion of Level 2 quick charging stations in the Pacific island chain. The move is considered a logical step since the i was first made available to retail customers in Hawaii.

Initially at least, that expansion is centered around Oahu, with one location being installed at the prestigious Ko Olina resort on the western side of the island, and four others due to follow at the Pearlridge and Kahala Malls, located in the metro Honolulu area.

The stations will be installed by Volta Industries, tasked as the official supplier/installer in Hawaii. They are part of a wider plan for the Aloha State to reduce the importation and use of fossil fuels and achieve 70 percent clean energy use by the year 2030.

At present, those driving pure electric vehicles are faced with the same range challenges as their counterparts on the mainland. But, the promoters of the new Mitsubishi-Eaton charging infrastructure plan expect to make EVs viable as a sole means of transportation in Hawaii within the next few years.

Mitsubishi says that the Eaton DC quick charger is able to replenish the Mitsubishi i’s lithium ion battery pack to 80 percent in around 30 minutes, though at a press conference for the car last year, which HybridCars.com attended, Mitsubishi stressed that over reliance on quick charging can significantly shorten the life of the battery pack.

Under normal use, the car’s battery pack is rated to last approximately eight year

Source Articel And view Images

Why Buy a Hybrid

Why Buy a Hybrid?

Today people are not concerned about environmental issues. The campaign for global warming has made it clear that the planet can retaliate due to mankind’s abuse. Science and technology have greatly developed over the years at the expense of the earth’s natural resources and environment. Pollution is one of the major causes and with the continuing growth of the population; scientists are finding ways to save what is left.

Apart from environmental factors pollution can also greatly affect the health of the general public especially in the suburbs. Gas prices have also soared. Due to this people have turned to hybrid vehicles instead of the conventional four-door and SUV. Hybrid technology has developed greatly in the recent years.

The Hybrid

Hybrid vehicles work primarily by an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery. It is coupled with an internal combustion engine to help it at high speeds. It also has the ability to recapture energy made from braking.

Full hybrid vehicles have computers on board to determine the best way to conserve energy and fuel. They can move using their batteries alone for power. When the vehicle is idling or coasting the engine is turned off. They can also use a combination of these power sources for efficiency. They split power paths that enable them to switch between using mechanical or electrical power.

Apart from using a different power source these vehicles can also use different fuels. They can use a mixture of petroleum and biofuels. Other hybrid vehicles can also be recharged through a standard electric wall socket.

Hybrid vehicles save on gas which leads to less greenhouse emissions. They have also been noted to reduce noise emissions. The use of electrical power decreases the wear on the engine. Contrary to what some believe their batteries are not hazardous materials and can be recycled. These batteries are also durable and rarely need replacement.

Hybrids are perfect for the suburbs. In this area you don’t really need horsepower but gas mileage. Hybrids can recharge themselves when braking and only use the needed power in idle periods such as traffic. In reality you don’t really need a huge amount of horsepower when driving around in the city traffic.

These vehicles also contribute to the general health of the public. Emissions don’t only contribute to the greenhouse effect but also to respiratory diseases. For now, hybrid vehicles are expensive. The technology is still fairly new in the fuel dependent automobile industry.

What You Need to Know about Hybrid

What You Need to Know about Hybrid

Many of us don’t really think much about our surroundings. In fact most of us would buy a luxury Sport Utility vehicle in a heartbeat if we could. Although there have been incessant campaigns in global warming many of us don’t really pay attention to pollution emitting out of our car’s exhaust pipe’s. That was until gas prices started to soar and people were desperate for alternatives. Hybrid technology was new and misunderstood in the past. Visions of weird boxes on wheels came to mind. That was until the Toyota Prius came out in 1997.

The first hybrid car did not look out of this world or too space age for the common person’s taste. It was just a conventional looking car that saved on gas. The hybrid technology spread slowly. Sales from the Prius and Insight were moderate. Nonetheless, the public supported the technology which led to further improvements. The Ford Escape hybrid filled the gap between looking good and doing well. It had style and practicality which became the cue for luxury hybrid cars to add to the market.

Although hybrid cars are a good choice for today, is it really worth spending a lot of money to save the environment? And how do you know which to buy amid the slew of eye candy hybrids?

Why and what hybrid to buy

Hybrids run on electric power though their motors. These motors also serve as generators that recharge batteries on board to power them for mileage. This enables the vehicle to use less fuel which leads to lower costs and reduced emissions. The internal combustion engine serves as a back up for more power at high speeds. A computer determines which and how much power will be used from the motor and the engine.

Hybrids recharge through regenerative breaking. They are perfect for driving in the city where stop and go driving is common. In the city drivers don’t really need a lot of horsepower.

Other motor companies have made hybrids to add to their credentials. If you really want to be practical a compact four door sedan will do well for you instead of a hybrid SUV that cost twice as much. Luxury hybrids may do well in the long run by saving gas but spending more than $60,000 on a practical car defeats its purpose.

If you want to go green, go simple. In reality you don’t need to drive a 200 horsepower vehicle.

What is a Hybrid Vehicle

What is a Hybrid Vehicle?

Mankind has made a huge impact on the environment. Although science and technology are continually progressing, it is also the cause of the planet’s deterioration. Natural resources are being depleted to sustain the demand of a growing population. Although we have been gifted with logic and reasoning we are also prone to excess and carelessness that will inevitably bring about our demise. Although eradicated species and holes in the ozone layer can’t be restored, scientists are finding ways to help the environment and maintain whatever it has left.

One of the main contributors of pollution is cars. Transportation is a necessity so this problem is not easy to solve. Scientists and automotive companies have come up with a solution for environmental conscious customers. Hybrid vehicles were created to answer environmental issues and provide alternatives for customers.

What is a hybrid?

A hybrid vehicle is a type of automobile that depends on different power sources other than fuel (ex. diesel, petrol). These vehicles are either powered by internal combustion engines, electric motors, or a fuel cell and a rechargeable energy storage system. These types of power sources can be applied to different type of vehicles for public and private transportation.

Automotive companies today are continually developing this technology to be able to cater environmental friendly cars and deliver quality brand vehicles at the same time. They are turning to popular type of vehicles such as SUV’s to expand the appeal of hybrid technology.

Hybrid vehicles were designed to reduce emissions and save fuel. With the continuing rise of gas prices and global warming campaigns, more people are searching for alternatives to decrease dependence on fuel. This technology will also contribute to the general health of the public because car emissions pose a threat to one’s health.

These vehicles are able to achieve this purpose in four ways. It shuts down the diesel engine during stops or idle periods. It has a battery storage that enables it to store and reuse the energy that it has recaptured. It’s able to recapture energy that is usually wasted while breaking. It relies on two power sources, the diesel engine and the electric motors to reduce fuel consumption during peak power usage.

This type of vehicle is very convenient for traffic ridden areas. It also reduces noise emissions when the vehicle is operating at low speeds. Hybrid vehicles are practical and convenient cars for everyday living in the city.

Vehicle Hybridization

Vehicle Hybridization

Anyone can choose to ignore the incessant global warming campaigns. Most of us simply forget that we live on earth which is slowly deteriorating because of our actions. But all of us cannot tolerate the continuing rise in gas prices. Customers today are looking for alternatives to save on fuel costs. Fortunately hybrid vehicles have given us the option to save gas and help the environment. Hybrids are no longer restricted to a conventional 4 door sedan. Hybrid SUVs are also out on the market today to meet the demands of the customers.
Ever since the Toyota Prius came out, other automobile companies have devoted their research in developing their own hybrid technology. Ford and Honda have their own hybrid system incorporated into new models. Hybrid vehicles are expensive for now but development in the future will make them more accessible and affordable for the general public. The technology is still going through development to be able to compete with the fuel dominated automobile industry.

How hybrid are you?

Hybrids have different types. Their structures may differ in some ways but generally they have a rechargeable battery on board or an electric motor that works with an internal combustion engine to move the vehicle. In other vehicles they can operate a rechargeable battery alone but there are many limitations to this type which has prevented it from being widely manufactured. These vehicles are primarily moved by an electric motor and only use the diesel engine for high speeds.
There are different degrees of hybridization. Full or strong hybrids that can run just by using an engine, its batteries are a combination of both. Examples of this are the Toyota Prius and Ford Escape. These two vehicles can move by battery power alone and be assisted by their diesel engines when needed.
Power assist hybrid uses its engine for primary power, coupled with an electric motor to boost torque. The electric motor is connected to a power train and is mounted between the engine and the transmission.
Mild hybrids are conventional vehicles with huge starter motors. This allows the engine to be turned off during idle periods and coasting but still enable the vehicle to start quickly. Most people do not consider this type to be a hybrid but it can still save fuel costs. It’s just not as efficient as full hybrids.
Hybrid vehicles are perfect for suburban environments where there is a lot of traffic. If you really look at it the most important is not horsepower but gas mileage.

Toyota Prius Hybrid The 3rd Generation

Toyota Prius Hybrid The 3rd Generation

Toyota strives to build vehicles to match customer interest and thus they typically are built with popular options and option packages. Not all options/packages are available separately and some may not be available in all regions of the country.

If you would prefer a vehicle with no or different options, contact your dealer to check for current availability or the possibility of placing a special order.

Some vehicles are shown with available equipment. Seatbelts should be worn at all times.
For details on vehicle specifications, standard features and available equipment in your area, contact your Toyota dealer. A vehicle with particular equipment may not be available at the dealership. Ask your Toyota dealer to help locate a specifically equipped vehicle.

All information presented here in is based on data available at the time of posting, is subject to change without notice and pertains specifically to mainland U.S.A. vehicles only.

Toyota Prius Hybrid Prices :

• Toyota Prius Two : $ 24,000
• Toyota Prius Three : $ 25,565
• Toyota Prius Four : $ 28,235
• Toyota Prius Five : $ 29,805

For Price detail please come to http://www.toyota.com

Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Sport utility vehicles have been famous for their features and looks. When they came out, the vehicle became a favorite among celebrities and people were more than willing to buy it. Unfortunately a lot of people are also against it for its size and fuel consumption. It does have the power but at the expense of your wallet and environmental conscience (that is if you have one). Fortunately Ford has decided to follow in the Footsteps of the Toyota Prius. The first ever hybrid car sold on the market.

Due to soaring gas prices, the new technology was supported and Toyota dominated the hybrid automobile market. Ford made a hybrid version of their Ford Escape which started the SUV hybrid. After the successful launch of the Ford Escape, Toyota decided to jump on the bandwagon and created the Highlander Hybrid SUV.

A step up from the Prius

Although it is not clear if Toyota earned a profit from the Prius, they still continued to develop and manufacture hybrids. Sales didn’t pick up until 2004 and when other motor companies decided to make hybrids of their own it was clear that the technology was worth investing in. Toyota then decided to make a hybrid version of their commercially successful Highlander.

The highlander, like other Toyota’s creations has the hybrid synergy system but with a new power train to be able to sustain load carrying requirements of the SUV. It is a formidable propulsion management system in hybrid technology that was also used in the Ford Escape. It has a 3.3 liter V6 engine and two permanent magnet electric motors with a peak power of 270 horsepower (combination of gas engine and electric motor).

The highlander comes in front wheel and four wheel drive. It has daytime running lights, power windows, tilt steering wheel, door locks, cruise control, and a radio and CD sound system with six speakers. It also has a navigational system that monitors on which and how much power it will use from the gas engine and the electric motor. The highlander is also an example of a full hybrid and can run off the electric motor alone.

The highlander, like other Toyota hybrids has regenerative braking, continuous variable transmission, anti-lock system, and Vehicle Dynamics Integrated System. It has the advanced airbag system for the driver and the passengers. The highlander can be expensive but it will be beneficial in the long run.

Toyota Camry Hybrid

Toyota Camry Hybrid

There are many hybrid vehicles on the market today. Unfortunately due to the unique technology they don’t come cheap, developments and experiments with high powered engines made them more expensive. The perks provided by luxury cars come at a price. If being environmental friendly is this heavy on the wallet then why buy?

Hybrid vehicles may be an instant shock to the wallet but they are beneficial in the long run. Apart from SUVs and luxury vehicles there are also compact four doors that may provide an alternative for the average Joe. Following the success of the Camry, Toyota has decided to give the model a fresh new trim by turning it into a hybrid. Using Toyota’s latest hybrid technology, the Camry may provide to be an alternative to expensive hybrids.

Camry facelift

The original Camry didn’t give its owner many problems. It’s priced right, big and powerful enough for the average Joe. With soaring gas prices, more people are willing to support and pay for hybrid technology. This prompted Toyota to hybridize its Camry to give customers a break from expensive sedans and Sports Utility vehicle hybrids.

Like other hybrids today, the Camry is equipped with a gasoline engine and electric motor combo. It has a 192 horsepower and runs at 38 miles per gallon. It still has the same accessories as of the previous Camry like alloy wheels, daytime headlights, power heated mirrors, six CD changer on the dashboard, eight way power and eight stereo speakers. The CD changer is compatible with a mp3.

It’s still equipped with standard safety features such as airbags in the front, on the seat mounts for side impact, at the side curtain, and for the driver’s knee.

The main difference is additional features. The hybrid Camry has a push button start system, Smart Entry keyless locking, power door locks, anti-lock out windows and the air-conditioning relies on the electric motor. It also has anti-lock breaking system and Toyota’s Vehicle Dynamics Integrated System. The latter has traction and stability control with other electronic devices for vehicle control.

The Camry may not look as stylish as other luxury sedans and SUVs. But if you are looking for an affordable car that has been tried and tested this would be a good car for you. You don’t really need lots of horsepower for city driving. The Camry provides the best of both worlds while still being able to be accessible for the average Joe.

The Internal Combustion Engine

The Internal Combustion Engine

The engines in vehicles is a rather broad but interesting subject. People may be amazed to know that the ones currently in use today were drawn on several hundreds of blueprints before they were distributed to the market. The present models are the result of over a century worth of brainstorming and experience and will further influence the models of the future.

What is the ICE?

ICE stands for internal combustion engine wherein the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer occurs. The combustion chamber is the space where everything happens causing an exothermic reaction that produces gas at a high pressure and temperature. The expanding hot gases will directly put pressure on solid engine parts causing them to move. Pistons, rotors or the engine itself then begins movement which propels the entire vehicle.

The very first models of the ICE ran on an air/fuel mixture rather than compression. The initial part of the intake stroke sucks or blows in the mixture. Modern ICEs already incorporates in-cylinder compression. The engines were used in a variety of methods and industries like generators, boats, aircrafts and most particularly, automobiles.

The Operation

The internal combustion engine operates using a four-stroke cycle or the Otto cycle. The cycle involves four phases namely: induction, compression, power and exhaust. All of these aim to create an exothermic chemical process to start vehicle propulsion. During induction, oxygen or other oxidizers are introduced into the cylinder to act with the fuel. Compression then begins as the gases start a reaction that continuously increase temperature and pressure within the cylinder.

When enough pressure is applied on the corresponding engine parts, the engine begins to gain power through movement coming from direct force application. The aftermath of the entire compression process will lead to exhaustion of byproducts like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen wastes. These gases are freely emitted into the atmosphere. The combustion process is started through engine ignition using the spark ignition method or the compression ignition system.

Where Does Gasoline Come In?

There are electric/gasoline-type systems that use a combination of lead-acid battery plus an induction coil to create a high-voltage electrical spark. The spark will then ignite the mix of air and fuel within the cylinder. The battery is rechargeable even during operation through an alternator or generator driven by the engine itself. Gasoline engines get an air and gasoline mixture to be compressed to less than 185 psi. The spark plug ignites the mixture during compression within the cylinder.

As for diesel engines, these require only heat and pressure produced by the engine during the compression process for ignition. Diesel compression is approximately three times higher compared to a gasoline engine. Diesel engines use air only. Some diesel fuel is sprayed into the cylinder with the use of a fuel injector just before peak compression to start ignition immediately. HCCI engines also require only heat and pressure but take in air and fuel. This process makes diesel and HCCI engines more prone to cold starts.

The Polluting Effects

Combustion products or the hot gases ignited and burnt inside the engine will have higher amounts of energy compared to the compressed fuel and air mixture. After available energy are used up to drive the engine pistons, remaining combustion products will be vented or exhausted through a valve or the exhaust outlet to bring back the piston in its original state also called TDC. Any heat which is not used up will become a waste product due to be removed from the engine via a liquid or air cooling system.

Air pollution emissions then result from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel. Examples of engine byproducts are carbon monoxide, soot, nitrogen wastes, sulfur and uncombusted hydrocarbons. These also result if the products did not operate near the stoichiometric ratio required for effective combustion. The fuel would not have burnt very well due to factors like cool cylinder walls or lack of air. This is also known as quenching of the flame.

Both gasoline and diesel engines emit harmful gases that can be dangerous to humans as well as the environment. The greenhouse gases start trapping hot air within the atmosphere instead of allowing them to exit to space leading to global warming. The rise of the ICE or internal combustion engine finally showed its major flaw which is pollution.

The Best of Both Worlds

The Best of Both Worlds

Hybrid vehicles are slowly taking over the automotive market. Environmental issues and rising gas prices have prompted scientists and companies to provide alternatives. These vehicles provide an option for consumers and reduce dependence from fuel (ex. Diesel, petrol).

Hybrid technology has been steadily developing over the past centuries. Although diesel will always be a dominant power source for vehicles, other sources are also being utilized to reduce harmful impacts on the environment and health of the general public. This gives hybrid vehicles the edge over conventional vehicles today.

It is no doubt that mankind is not only depleting the planet of its natural resources but also causing its deterioration. The development of science and technology has made Hollywood sci-fi movie sets more feasible than we thought but it also brings a lot of consequences. The development of other power sources such as vehicles and fuels are beneficial in the long run to sustain life on earth.

Hybrid electric vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles work by using an internal combustion engine which uses fuel and a rechargeable energy storage system. By using the combination of these two power sources the vehicle will be able to decrease fuel consumption, reduce pollution and noise emissions. It is different from the hybrid vehicle drive trains which uses a fuel power source and a rechargeable energy storage system.

Diesel engines are typically used to generate power for hybrid vehicles. These vehicles can also use biofuels which are renewable sources of energy. This reduces the dependence on petroleum for fuel. Decreased use of fuel leads to lesser emissions and lower costs.

These vehicles are able to recapture wasted energy and turn off the diesel engine during low output and idle periods such as traffic. The internal combustion engines are also much lighter and efficient when compared to conventional cars. The technology reduces the wear on the engine and the brakes. Contrary to popular belief hybrid electric vehicles batteries are not hazardous wastes. They can be recycled and reused.

These vehicles are suitable in urban environments where traffic is normal and there are more people in the streets. Emissions from cars are also harmful on the health of the general public.

These vehicles provide a practical alternative for environment conscious consumers. Gas prices, environment and health issues are all being addressed by this technology. Hopefully in the future these types of vehicles will be more accessible all over the world.

Top Hybrid Vehicle Myths

Top Hybrid Vehicle Myths

Hybrid vehicles have created a lot of hype. As a result, misinformation is all over the place. It is time to separate facts from fiction and clarify some of the myths created by the stir.

1. You can save money when you buy a hybrid car.

While you can definitely save money on gas, the amount of the hybrid car itself can set you back. Hybrid cars are not very expensive though. But if you are thinking that you can make back your investment, you got the wrong concept of buying a hybrid car. You buy a hybrid car because you want to reduce the demand for fuel, to help save the environment, and want to earn the bragging rights of one of the first to drive a hybrid.

2. Hybrid batteries need to be replaced.

The high cost of hybrid battery replacement is one of the main reasons why some may avoid buying a hybrid car. The fact is Toyota has claimed that there is not a single battery replacement reported due to wearing out or malfunction. Moreover, manufacturers issue a standard 80,000 and 100,000 miles warranty for hybrid batteries depending on the location of the dealer- though that does not mean that you have to replace your batteries after 100,000 miles.

3. Hybrid vehicles are very expensive to maintain.

Maintaining a hybrid car costs almost the same as maintaining a conventional gasoline-engine car. According to Honda website, the 5-year maintenance and repair costs for the Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Prius are $2,056 and $1,969 respectively; while the Honda Civic Si Sedan 6-Spd MT has a 5-year maintenance and repair cost of $2,137.

4. Hybrid cars are the only solution to environmental problems.

The number of hybrid vehicles on US roads may hit the 1 million mark sometime in 2008 but that doesn’t mean that is has solved the problems of the environment. There are approx. 200 million cars in the US that consumes roughly a total of 400 million gallons of fuel each day. Clearly, we have a long way to go.

5. Hybrid vehicles are small and underpowered.

If you limit your thinking to the Civic Hybrid’s 1.3 L engine and disregard the 20-hp electric motor, then you may think that hybrid vehicles are small and underpowered. Think of the Toyota Camry with its 2.4 L engine or the Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid with its 6.0 L Vortec V8 engine. Hybrid cars are not only powerful, they are big.

The Benefits of Hybrid Vehicles

The Benefits of Hybrid Vehicles

Buying a hybrid car may give you the bragging rights of being the first person in your neighborhood to drive a hybrid vehicle. But that does not end there. Harnessing the hybrid technology can actually give you several benefits you cannot expect from a conventional gasoline-engine car.

1. Fuel economy. Depending on the driving condition and driver’s habits, a gasoline powered family sedan can run 15-34 miles on a gallon of fuel. Hybrid cars, on the other hand can run 40-60% longer at 20- 60 miles on a gallon of gas. This is perhaps the biggest reason why hybrid cars are so popular today. And with the uncontrollable increase in pump prices, hybrid cars can solve at least one of the obvious problems.

2. Durability. The hybrid vehicle automatically shuts off its combustion engine when idling. Not only does it help to conserve gas, it also reduces the wear on the engine. Also, the regenerative braking system that recaptures the lost energy when braking reduces the wear on the brakes.

3. Tax credit reward. While the sticker price of one hybrid car can set you back several thousands more than its non-hybrid counterpart, you can actually enjoy a tax reward of as much as $3000 depending on what hybrid car you buy. Also, the government imposes several incentives exclusive to hybrid car owners like free parking among others.

4. Environmental impact. Hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (diesel), and formaldehyde also known as formalin are 5 noxious gases emitted by gasoline- or diesel-powered vehicles. These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect. In short, these gases are harmful to the environment. Since hybrid cars consume less fuel, they also emit less fumes.

5. Sophisticated design. If you only care about the looks of the car, then choose among one of the available hybrid cars on the market today and you’ll surely fall in love with one of them. Hybrid cars are among the best looking cars today.

6. Exclusivity. There are only a few hybrids among 200 million cars on the road today. And if you own one, then you’ll feel that you own an exotic car. While this won’t last long since many car manufacturers have announced more hybrid models in the future plus more and more hybrids are being sold everyday, it is still a good feeling that you are one of the first.

Features You may Want for Your Hybrid Car

Features You may Want for Your Hybrid Car

Hybrid cars were not created equal. Some produce more power. Some are designed for maximum fuel efficiency. Some are built for city driving; others are made to turn heads. Most have unique features that further improve the quality of driving and fuel economy. When you are shopping for one, take note of the following features.

Regenerative braking system. In conventional gasoline-powered cars, all the kinetic energy (energy in motion) is lost and wasted during braking. Hybrid cars recapture this kinetic energy through the regenerative braking system back to the battery for future use. The regenerative braking system increases fuel economy and reduces wear to the brakes.

Low-rolling resistance tires. Tires are often not seen as a major factor in increasing the fuel economy. But in hybrid cars, they use low-rolling resistance tires to improve gas mileage. These stiffer, narrower, and inflated tires reduce the drag against the ground.

Fuel economy. Not all hybrids are fuel efficient. Some are made to perform. And even if the hybrids are made to get the longest miles out of every gallon of gas, some are still better than others. For example, the Ford Escape Hybrid runs 34 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on highway. Toyota Prius runs 48 mpg in the city and 45 mpg on highway. The Honda Civic Hybrid runs 40 mpg in the city and 45 mpg on highway. When choosing what hybrid car to buy, take note of these differences.

Periodic engine shut off. Idling consumes fuel too. So, most hybrid cars automatically turn off its combustion engine temporarily during stops. A hybrid car with this feature is most ideal if you drive in stop-and-go traffic most of the time.

Smaller and more efficient engine. Logically, the car does not actually need a V6 or a V8 in order to run because most of the time, your car only requires 20 hp to move. The extra horsepower is only needed during acceleration. This is the reason why hybrid cars are so efficient. They use smaller engines.

Safety, Comfort, and Space. These are 3 issues that are questionable to hybrid cars. In general, hybrid cars are as safe, as comfortable, and as spacious as their non-hybrid counterpart. But if you are more concerned about not getting these 3 in a hybrid car, you should not have a problem. There are several hybrid cars on the market today that focus on these 3 areas.